00:00:02 The IIA
The Institute of Internal Auditors presents All Things Internal Audit.
00:00:06 The IIA
In this episode, Mike Jacka and Tepo Mfokhang tackle one of the most common questions internal auditors face.
00:00:13 The IIA
Who audits the auditors?
00:00:15 The IIA
They break down how the quality assurance and improvement program, professional standards, peer reviews, and self-regulation protect the integrity of the profession.
00:00:24 The IIA
They discuss how quality assurance strengthens credibility with boards,
00:00:28 The IIA
builds trust with stakeholders, and positions internal audit as a strategic advisor.
00:00:35 Mike Jacka
What do you say when people ask you, who audits the auditors?
00:00:38 Tshepo Mofokeng
Well, I think the answer becomes that auditors are not necessarily audited, but their work gets reviewed by their fellow colleagues.
00:00:49 Tshepo Mofokeng
And it's easy to do that because those who are experienced and those who've got the skill in the craft,
00:00:56 Tshepo Mofokeng
are able to assess the work of others because they've actually been in similar shoes and they've actually walked a similar route.
00:01:04 Tshepo Mofokeng
So to an extent, I would say the audit is done a bit differently of the auditors, but the results are still remarkable and actually they give you a good feel around what the auditors are doing.
00:01:16 Mike Jacka
So in general, it is just that who audits the auditors are more auditors to some extent.
00:01:23 Tshepo Mofokeng
Yes.
00:01:24 Mike Jacka
I know the answer to this.
00:01:25 Mike Jacka
I was going to ask you a question I already know the answer to, but let's go to this.
00:01:29 Mike Jacka
I know that what drives a lot of that review are the QAIP and the standards.
00:01:35 Mike Jacka
First, give us your definition of what you think QAIP really stands for and what it means and how it is involved in this Who Audits the Auditors concept?
00:01:45 Tshepo Mofokeng
Well, we'll probably have to, before we get to the QAIP, probably say the QAIP, it's about auditing
00:01:53 Tshepo Mofokeng
the work which is done by fellow internal auditors.
00:01:56 Tshepo Mofokeng
So it's a quality assurance, as well as quality assurance and improvement process.
00:02:04 Tshepo Mofokeng
So it's about saying, has the work which has been done by the auditors
00:02:12 Tshepo Mofokeng
in accordance with the standards and following the IPPF and has to be done in an ethical manner and are the results in a point where another peer reviewer auditor can audit the same kind of files and come to some sort of a similar result because an audit by itself is assigned.
00:02:33 Tshepo Mofokeng
is going to start off point and end of point.
00:02:35 Tshepo Mofokeng
So to an extent, if one auditor audits a file and another one does the same file, they must get to similar results if they apply the same standards.
00:02:43 Mike Jacka
And you brought it back to exactly the thing it should be, which is the standards, because the QAIP is based on the standards, the new ones that came out relatively recently.
00:02:54 Mike Jacka
One of the challenges I always had then when I would talk to people is, okay, you have standards.
00:03:00 Mike Jacka
What does that mean?
00:03:02 Mike Jacka
And so I'm wondering what your thoughts are on that one.
00:03:05 Tshepo Mofokeng
Standards are a component of the characteristics of a profession, which makes a professional.
00:03:12 Tshepo Mofokeng
So standards for you to get to the element of standards, one, you got to have a professional body.
00:03:20 Tshepo Mofokeng
The professional body will have members.
00:03:22 Tshepo Mofokeng
The members must go through an educational information process, and then they must be certified, and then they need to follow a code of ethics.
00:03:31 Tshepo Mofokeng
And then after that, they need to get to a point where then they then adopt standards for practice.
00:03:38 Tshepo Mofokeng
So if they practice in that way, they've got these characteristics.
00:03:41 Tshepo Mofokeng
It then gives them legitimacy and allows them to then apply their professional crafts kind of towards a similar or more or less kind of a standard that is uniform across the different jurisdictions and across different organizations.
00:03:58 Mike Jacka
So do you think, coming back to the broad question,
00:04:02 Mike Jacka
who audits the auditors.
00:04:03 Mike Jacka
Do you think there's a different answer depending on who you're talking to?
00:04:07 Mike Jacka
For example, if you're talking to the board, is there one way to approach this?
00:04:11 Mike Jacka
And when you're talking to the people who you are actually doing the audit work, the clients, the customers, is there a different answer to them?
00:04:18 Mike Jacka
And what might each of those be?
00:04:20 Tshepo Mofokeng
Well, remember the difference here would be that the peers, so the people that you work with in an organization,
00:04:29 Tshepo Mofokeng
in a number of instances, don't understand the issue of this dual reporting for auditors, that they work for the board, but also they work for management, because you've got the functional reporting to the board, and you've got them administrative reporting then to the head of the organization.
00:04:50 Tshepo Mofokeng
So because you are peers, so they see you just auditing them,
00:04:57 Tshepo Mofokeng
without knowing that you also have got to adhere to particular standards that actually can be independently reviewed and say that you are doing the correct things.
00:05:07 Tshepo Mofokeng
So as a result, when you don't actually probably get to your point where you educate them, it becomes a bit different.
00:05:14 Tshepo Mofokeng
Whereas on the board, the board then would, because of the fact that they would understand the internal audit charter and understand that you've got standards that you are following,
00:05:24 Tshepo Mofokeng
and they regulate your work and how you report, are able to easily understand what exactly internal audit is about in terms of when it regulates itself, but also to get to a point where it does not necessarily be audited by somebody else because there's a mechanism around how it's being reviewed.
00:05:44 Mike Jacka
And you bring up a great point about the board knowing the charter, understanding audit.
00:05:50 Mike Jacka
And it speaks to one of the important things that we always have to think about when it comes to the board.
00:05:55 Mike Jacka
Do they know who and what we are?
00:05:57 Mike Jacka
It deals with that communication with the board that has to always be there.
00:06:01 Tshepo Mofokeng
So the challenge with the board is that then in the board, then if the board has got people who are former auditors and people who've got an element of understanding audit, it becomes easy.
00:06:15 Tshepo Mofokeng
but you've got to continue to educate them around what internal audit does.
00:06:20 Tshepo Mofokeng
But then also you might want to get people who are interested, but also then it goes to what is sitting on the audit committee charter, because generally that would actually then talk about internal audit, then talk about combined assurance, talk about external audit, talk about risk management, and they're able to see then the difference is easier to say,
00:06:39 Tshepo Mofokeng
What does each function do?
00:06:41 Tshepo Mofokeng
What does internal audit do?
00:06:43 Tshepo Mofokeng
What really brings to the organization?
00:06:45 Mike Jacka
And then when we're speaking to our peers, usually the question is asked, let's put it this way, would be asked differently than the board would be asking it.
00:06:52 Mike Jacka
Because with our peers, it generally implies almost a defensiveness.
00:06:56 Mike Jacka
Well, who's auditing the auditors?
00:06:58 Mike Jacka
And so I think it has to be handled in a slightly different tactical approach, recognizing that this may come from a seat of
00:07:06 Mike Jacka
wait a minute, who are you to tell me my job?
00:07:10 Tshepo Mofokeng
That actually would be, especially in newer functions, where internal audit is new, and then people, one, confused with external audit, but other people just fear auditors.
00:07:21 Tshepo Mofokeng
But you need to separate that you're not auditing people, you're auditing functions and processes.
00:07:28 Tshepo Mofokeng
In that case, you need to kind of tell them that you need to separate yourself from the process.
00:07:34 Tshepo Mofokeng
And understand that the recommendations and the findings are based on what we find in the process, but also the one thing that we don't do well in internal audit is this issue of quality review that we actually even make it known that there is a process like this that you go through.
00:07:52 Tshepo Mofokeng
And regularly, if we go regularly and it shows the result, it becomes easier for us then to be trusted by our peers in the organization, because then they can see, oh, here's a report about what internal audit is doing.
00:08:03 Tshepo Mofokeng
But generally, because they don't see a report about what internal audit is doing, they think that we're not subjected to any review.
00:08:10 Mike Jacka
Well, and you've brought up an interesting point in all this too, because it is so easy when we just...
00:08:14 Mike Jacka
That's why I like to use the term internal audit every time I talk about it.
00:08:17 Mike Jacka
So there is a recognition.
00:08:19 Mike Jacka
It's not external audit.
00:08:20 Mike Jacka
It's not a compliance group doing it.
00:08:22 Mike Jacka
It's not some other group.
00:08:24 Mike Jacka
It is us separately.
00:08:25 Mike Jacka
And the whole question then when we start to talk about the standards, that really gets to why we are different than other operations that are doing audit work.
00:08:36 Mike Jacka
Which then that kind of leads us to, in general, again, back to the quality assurance reviews,
00:08:43 Mike Jacka
The good quality assurance review, and I'm sure some of our listeners know a lot of this, some of our listeners may not know all this, but a good quality assurance review is both internal and external.
00:08:52 Mike Jacka
It is very easy for that review to suddenly become compliance oriented.
00:08:57 Mike Jacka
And I have seen a lot of people brag about their quality assurance reviews and the wonderful results they've gotten where all it was a tick and tie test.
00:09:07 Mike Jacka
Oh, look, we filled out our forms correctly.
00:09:09 Mike Jacka
Oh, look, we did this correctly.
00:09:11 Mike Jacka
How do you get from that compliance
00:09:13 Mike Jacka
to a broader, let's call it a credibility mechanism, that there's more belief in what work goes on than just we were able to fill out the forms.
00:09:22 Tshepo Mofokeng
I'll probably put it this way, but actually there's a gap now with the new standards that we need to take certain opportunities.
00:09:27 Tshepo Mofokeng
So what we've done, what we've probably experienced in the past is that every five years, people go to that exercise, right?
00:09:36 Tshepo Mofokeng
And then we're all getting towards a GC, generally compliance.
00:09:41 Tshepo Mofokeng
But what we've not looked at was to say, when the internal audit then, do they write a report indicating what the results mean, but also what impact do they have on organizations?
00:09:59 Tshepo Mofokeng
And as a result, because those have not been done consistently,
00:10:04 Tshepo Mofokeng
we've actually not gotten the benefit.
00:10:05 Tshepo Mofokeng
I mean, I had an organization where this thing was done in that way, where we'll be able to say, do a regular, so we'll do file reviews and do annual peer reviews.
00:10:17 Tshepo Mofokeng
Luckily, it was a big function.
00:10:18 Tshepo Mofokeng
So we had a number of senior people who used to be able to do these reviews.
00:10:23 Tshepo Mofokeng
And then we'll then take it to the quality team to do a review.
00:10:27 Tshepo Mofokeng
And then we'll be able then to write to the audit committee to say, this review means this.
00:10:33 Tshepo Mofokeng
And we'll be able to say, the internal audit has improved the organizational processes by adding the following one to revenue, one to cost saving, three to your strategy, four to, you know, those kind of things to say, what difference does it make?
00:10:50 Tshepo Mofokeng
And as a result, if you see the difference being made over time, then the quality review becomes a bit easier to understand.
00:10:58 Tshepo Mofokeng
But I don't think that I think
00:11:00 Tshepo Mofokeng
we might need to advocate for is to probably have paragraphs of quality review things on annual reports of organizations just to indicate the importance of the quality reviews and what credibility they bring in terms of the sustainability reports of these organizations, because it looks like it's one area that we've actually wanted to go to so that we're able to demonstrate value
00:11:28 Tshepo Mofokeng
from a stronger internal audit function that does a QAs on a regular basis.
00:11:34 Mike Jacka
So what we talk about and what you have described really works to help drive more of that.
00:11:41 Mike Jacka
But now we start to get to the other issue for a lot of internal audit departments, and that is time.
00:11:46 Mike Jacka
I don't want to say how do you find the time, but how should a group emphasize within itself the need to spend the necessary time
00:11:56 Mike Jacka
to get this done?
00:11:57 Mike Jacka
What's the benefit of all this, I guess I'm saying, and how do you find it?
00:12:01 Tshepo Mofokeng
So the benefit of all this, and I'm saying, so I have probably or recently looked at internal audit to say it's not about the number of assignments you do, but it's about the impact of the audit assignments.
00:12:16 Tshepo Mofokeng
But then those audit assignments must be dealing with either one, they're mitigating risk for organization,
00:12:24 Tshepo Mofokeng
or they are promoting the objectives that must be achieved, such that you either strengthen the controls or you are bringing creative solutions towards how management can best achieve the objectives.
00:12:37 Tshepo Mofokeng
Because once you look at it in that way, then the issue of saying you've got time to do and just demonstrate the value, but also the quality enhanced, the product that you come up with, becomes a no-brainer because it becomes
00:12:53 Tshepo Mofokeng
the ultimate outcome of what you're trying to do and achieve.
00:12:58 Mike Jacka
Well, and just the idea of, I know measures of success are a part of what is in the QAIP and in the standards.
00:13:05 Mike Jacka
And it's very interesting to watch how people address this.
00:13:07 Mike Jacka
And you've mentioned one of the things.
00:13:10 Mike Jacka
idea of how many reports have we issued, how many audits have we done.
00:13:14 Mike Jacka
And if you measure that rather than the impact, and I don't mean dollar impact either, but some way of measuring the impact, you're not measuring the right things.
00:13:21 Mike Jacka
As the old saying goes, we get what we measure.
00:13:24 Mike Jacka
And if we complete 20 audits, yay, who cares?
00:13:27 Mike Jacka
It is the quality of what has been accomplished in those audits.
00:13:31 Mike Jacka
And that's what a good quality assurance review, a QAIP, would do, is to see that there is impact in the work that's being done.
00:13:39 Tshepo Mofokeng
That is true, but then again, you see the issue of the quality assurance, then this is where then you want people who are more seasoned, people who are more experienced, people who are qualified, and people who understand the standards to be able to be the ones who do the QAs, because then they're able to not only do a tick box exercise,
00:14:02 Tshepo Mofokeng
but provide us with better value audit reports that would actually assist the audit functions to improve how they do things, how they also implement standards, but also greatly assist in the marketing element.
00:14:16 Tshepo Mofokeng
Because the one element that we don't do well sometimes is how to market the internal audit services internally in the organizations, but also gradually then demonstrating the value and the impact as we go about because
00:14:30 Tshepo Mofokeng
That should be done on a day-to-day basis as you meet the different stakeholders.
00:14:35 Mike Jacka
Excellent points, and the marketing and all of that, that's key to what we accomplish.
00:14:40 Mike Jacka
When it comes to the time issue, and I will throw this in, one of the things when I've talked to audit groups is, they always say we don't have the time for something, and let's call it now the internal reviews that are supposed to happen, or quality reviews.
00:14:53 Mike Jacka
I always ask, what would happen if you dropped your least highest risk audit you have planned?
00:15:00 Mike Jacka
and devoted that time to whatever it is you claim you don't have the time for.
00:15:03 Mike Jacka
Now, the size of the department matters.
00:15:04 Mike Jacka
If you're a one-person audit department, that's a bigger deal.
00:15:07 Mike Jacka
You're A 20-person audit department.
00:15:09 Mike Jacka
How big was that risk you decided was the lowest risk and what would happen if it didn't happen?
00:15:14 Mike Jacka
So finding time is a little bit of a tricky thing for auditors because we get so ingrained in our schedules, what we think we need to do, but the flexibility helps with that.
00:15:22 Mike Jacka
Okay, so
00:15:24 Mike Jacka
We've talked about a lot of this.
00:15:25 Mike Jacka
Do you have any real-world examples where standards, peer reviews, QA processes strengthen an internal audit function?
00:15:34 Tshepo Mofokeng
Yeah, I'll share with you an example we had.
00:15:37 Tshepo Mofokeng
So we had, we've got this big rail company in the country that we used to audit.
00:15:42 Tshepo Mofokeng
So this company basically would be audited by, let's say maybe 10 senior people because they've got different divisions.
00:15:52 Tshepo Mofokeng
So
00:15:53 Tshepo Mofokeng
But the one thing that was included in their methodology, it's a review of quality assuring the report, right?
00:16:04 Tshepo Mofokeng
So after each and every audit, what would then happen is that the QA team would then look at the file and just check that everything is there.
00:16:12 Tshepo Mofokeng
And then the report would then go into a committee of about five or four senior people.
00:16:19 Tshepo Mofokeng
They'll then actually call the audit team
00:16:21 Tshepo Mofokeng
And they'll actually quiz each and every finding to see if it's supported by logic and a proper way to say, where did you get to it and what does it mean, right?
00:16:34 Tshepo Mofokeng
And then get to a point where the findings are rated, but they are rated on the impact of what it does for the client in how the client runs their business.
00:16:44 Tshepo Mofokeng
Such that when those then reports then get summarized for the audit committee pack,
00:16:50 Tshepo Mofokeng
you are able to demonstrate to the committee in terms of saying, we've created efficiency in this corridor.
00:16:57 Tshepo Mofokeng
We've assisted you to meet these volumes.
00:17:00 Tshepo Mofokeng
We've actually detected these potential irregularities.
00:17:06 Tshepo Mofokeng
So it was so interesting that at the end of-- so each and every report would go through that process to get to a point where before it's issued.
00:17:15 Tshepo Mofokeng
is probably quality checked.
00:17:17 Tshepo Mofokeng
And that's a result that client was seeing such a lot of value around what internal audit does, such that in some of the decisions, before they make a decision about, do we go for the process of appointing one or two supplier, one or supplier two, that get to your point, okay, we do a due diligence internally, do it, and tell us what you think.
00:17:38 Tshepo Mofokeng
And based on that, then we can say, okay, we're going for one or two.
00:17:41 Tshepo Mofokeng
It then became a very trusted advisor when it came to governance, control, and risk matches.
00:17:48 Mike Jacka
That's excellent.
00:17:49 Mike Jacka
That's a great approach.
00:17:51 Mike Jacka
Let's go to the other side.
00:17:52 Mike Jacka
Have you seen a situation where weak self-regulation by the audit department damaged the trust?
00:17:58 Mike Jacka
And what happened?
00:18:00 Tshepo Mofokeng
So what had happened there, and here is because, so we need to talk about regulation in two instances.
00:18:08 Tshepo Mofokeng
So the regulation
00:18:11 Tshepo Mofokeng
should apply to the audit function, to say these organizations, the public sector, in the mining sector, in the financial industry, in the banking sector, must actually have internal audit, right?
00:18:28 Tshepo Mofokeng
And the internal audit must be led by some voters qualified with this particular characteristics.
00:18:35 Tshepo Mofokeng
So that the regulation then protects the craft of internal audit.
00:18:40 Tshepo Mofokeng
But then on the other side, when it comes to say we need to licensing, this is all you need to be saying, that regulation is not needed because then you've got self-regulation to deal with that.
00:18:52 Tshepo Mofokeng
So I'll give you an issue that happened in some of our municipalities.
00:18:55 Tshepo Mofokeng
So because of the fact that the regulation only said we need internal audit, so people would actually just take somebody out of varsity, not come and do internal audit.
00:19:09 Tshepo Mofokeng
right?
00:19:09 Tshepo Mofokeng
That person has not practiced, that person does not have a certification, that person has not done the standards, that patient does not adhere to the code of ethics.
00:19:19 Tshepo Mofokeng
Or simply hire a small bookkeeping firm to equip internal audit.
00:19:25 Tshepo Mofokeng
But these are pure accountants who have not been involved with internal audit, right?
00:19:30 Tshepo Mofokeng
So as a result, they go and do shady work.
00:19:34 Tshepo Mofokeng
then the institute gets complaints and say, no, but these guys did one, two, three, four.
00:19:38 Tshepo Mofokeng
Like, okay, give us the names.
00:19:39 Tshepo Mofokeng
We're like, no, these guys are neither our members, are neither our members.
00:19:43 Tshepo Mofokeng
No, we know about them.
00:19:45 Tshepo Mofokeng
So they could not have been internal auditors.
00:19:48 Tshepo Mofokeng
So therefore, the one part we need to then try and tighten on is that on our self-regulation part, we need to try to get as many qualified CIAs as possible.
00:20:03 Tshepo Mofokeng
because when they are qualified, they belong to the professional body, they adhere to standards, they adhere to the ethical code, but also they're able to do quality work that we can attest for.
00:20:15 Tshepo Mofokeng
On the regulation side of organizations, try to say, yes, all government departments must subject to a regulation for them to practice, but they must follow a particular standard when they're employing internal auditors, even if you can say that
00:20:31 Tshepo Mofokeng
When you go into an audit shop, you must follow the standards.
00:20:34 Tshepo Mofokeng
Then the standards, at least they're able to say what are the minimum requirements.
00:20:39 Tshepo Mofokeng
So that's how I would frequently say we deal with both regulation for audit shops and self-regulation of the practitioners.
00:20:48 Mike Jacka
Well, we've started at the high end talking about the standards in QAIP, working our way down to the specifics of it.
00:20:55 Mike Jacka
So let's go back broader again.
00:20:57 Tshepo Mofokeng
Okay.
00:20:59 Mike Jacka
We just recently had a change in the standards.
00:21:02 Mike Jacka
I say recently, it was a few years ago.
00:21:04 Mike Jacka
But we know change will be coming, especially considering that we're moving towards Vision 2035.
00:21:10 Mike Jacka
What changes do you see potentially coming in the standards specifically to quality assurance?
00:21:17 Mike Jacka
Or if you want to talk broader, that's fine too.
00:21:19 Mike Jacka
But how might quality assurance change or made better in the future as the standards evolve?
00:21:25 Tshepo Mofokeng
What my view is on that is that when the standards came out, I thought, and I'm still thinking that we need to probably take a gap and say, the quality assurances that have been done, the QAs which have been done, have been done mainly on a voluntary basis, which is good.
00:21:44 Tshepo Mofokeng
But we need to kind of have an advocacy module where as many organizations are able to do QAs,
00:21:53 Tshepo Mofokeng
Because the more they do QAs, and the more they-- we need to find a way how they publish it, even if we can run some kind of a list of organizations which have done a QA in a particular year, so that when people see themselves in a particular listing, they easily want to be part of that kind of a club, for lack of a better way.
00:22:13 Tshepo Mofokeng
So therefore, so that the more QAs are being done, the more our practice would improve, because then, one,
00:22:21 Tshepo Mofokeng
it will allow members to peer review each other.
00:22:26 Tshepo Mofokeng
But two, it will allow the profession to learn how other organizations do things better.
00:22:32 Tshepo Mofokeng
But three, it will then allow a broader knowledge building around what else can actually be done, especially given the artificial intelligence and things like cloud computing, which are becoming big organizations to say, if those are done, how do we incorporate them into our standards?
00:22:50 Tshepo Mofokeng
And it's things that also to say, how do internal auditors try to save time by using AI to do some of the things within the methodology?
00:23:00 Tshepo Mofokeng
So it's things that we are now starting to explore, especially in 2035, but it might want us to broaden our QA processes, but also get more people to do that for us to get to your point where you're able to see exactly to what extent now the QAs are improving in how
00:23:19 Tshepo Mofokeng
We now practice internal audit.
00:23:21 Mike Jacka
So one final question.
00:23:22 Mike Jacka
So we have all this self-regulation, we have all these quality assurance reviews, we have all these standards.
00:23:28 Mike Jacka
What is it we say to the board to say, this is our, let's call it our superpower?
00:23:33 Tshepo Mofokeng
The superpower would be, we just need to go to the boards and convince the boss to say, the best advisors you've got in the organization are internal auditors.
00:23:46 Tshepo Mofokeng
Because one,
00:23:48 Tshepo Mofokeng
their internal to the organization.
00:23:50 Tshepo Mofokeng
Number 2, they understand to an extent how the organization is being run.
00:23:57 Tshepo Mofokeng
Number 3, they were involved in what the strategy of the organization is.
00:24:02 Tshepo Mofokeng
And then they also understand the risks facing the organization.
00:24:06 Tshepo Mofokeng
And they're able to actually see where is it that the board can get help in terms of advisory services that they can provide, but also to get to a point where they're able to see
00:24:18 Tshepo Mofokeng
as to what gaps are there in the organizations that the organization can fill.
00:24:22 Tshepo Mofokeng
So broadly, internal auditors are what I call change agent, and they are able to actually assist organizations through transformation, especially given the fact that no organization can just remain the same of late.
00:24:37 Tshepo Mofokeng
You remain the same in one or two years, you get to your point where your processes, your systems, your products are obsolete.
00:24:44 Tshepo Mofokeng
So internal auditors,
00:24:46 Tshepo Mofokeng
If they focus their efforts on actually making sure that apart from strengthened controls and mitigated risks, there's always process improvement opportunities to get to a point where objectives are achieved.
00:25:03 Tshepo Mofokeng
It will make it easier for them, but also it will give them comfort and it will actually give them mileage with audit committees and the board.
00:25:11 Mike Jacka
Very good.
00:25:11 Mike Jacka
Tempo, I want to thank you for your time.
00:25:13 Mike Jacka
I think it's an important subject.
00:25:15 Mike Jacka
And as I say, it's one every auditor faces within a short time of working within internal audit.
00:25:21 Mike Jacka
I hope this provides some good insight to everybody.
00:25:25 Mike Jacka
And again, thank you for your time.
00:25:27 Tshepo Mofokeng
Thanks a lot, Mike.
00:25:28 Tshepo Mofokeng
I really appreciate the time.
00:25:30 Tshepo Mofokeng
It's been a good conversation.
00:25:32 The IIA
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00:25:42 The IIA
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